Call for contribution to the “2020 FLOSS roadmap”

The 2020 FLOSS roadmap v1 is a document that was collectively elaborated by 31 experts and contributors and published last December. It contains a set of predictions on how the free / libre / open source software ecosystem could evolve over the next ten years, a set of recommendations for public and private bodies on how to encourage its growth and leverage the benefits it can provide to the economy, and a set of in-depth studies on topics such as public policies, technological innovation, uses and employment.

In order to prepare the second edition of the roadmap, which will be published this fall, a call for comments and contributions has been sent on the www.2020flossroadmap.org website. A collaborative text annotation and commenting system has been set up in order to make it easy to everyone to make a contribution to the roadmap.

The roadmap is licensed under Creative Commons (BY-SA).

Ubuntu- How to add a path to your path list in terminal (.bashrc file)

Suppose you would like to have access to a particular path from within terminal. For example, if you have your executables in a folder called ~/my_program/bin you may want to have access to the executables from everywhere within terminal. One way to achieve this is to add that particular path to your path list in the “.bashrc” file. So, how to do that?

First launch a file browser and go to your home folder. You need then to edit the “.bashrc” file which is a hidden file in your home folder. You would therefore first need to make Ubuntu show your hidden files. In the menu bar on the top of the file browser window, select “View/Show Hidden Files” and check the mark . Here is a graphic for your reference:

View_hidden_ files

Then find the file “.bashrc” file and open it with the text editor. You would then need to append a line or two to the file. For example, if you would like to add the path~/my_program/bin, you would need to add the following line to the file:

PATH=~/my_program/bin:”${PATH}”

Ubuntu- Geany: a good C++ IDE for Ubuntu (Linux)

In case you have been looking for a good C++ IDE for Linux, I have a very good suggestion:

Geany

Here is the description of Geany from its official website (http://www.geany.org/):

Geany is a text editor using the GTK2 toolkit with basic features of an integrated development environment. It was developed to provide a small and fast IDE, which has only a few dependencies from other packages. It supports many filetypes and has some nice features.

Some basic features of Geany:

* Syntax highlighting
* Code folding
* Symbol name auto-completion
* Construct completion/snippets
* Auto-closing of XML and HTML tags
* Call tips
* Many supported filetypes including C, Java, PHP, HTML, Python, Perl, Pascal (full list)
* Symbol lists
* Code navigation
* Build system to compile and execute your code
* Simple project management
* Plugin interface (see Plugins)

To install Geany in Ubuntu just issue the following command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install geany

Geany also works under Windows and the Windows binaries can be downloaded from the Geany webiste as well.

Ubuntu- get rid of blank screen in MATLAB installed within Ubuntu

There is sometimes a problem with the MATLAB in Ubuntu. The problem is that after installing MATLAB, you might get just a blank screen (blank GUI window) without any option menu, command line, etc. To solve this problem, find the file “environment” (the path is: /etc/environment). Add the following line to the file and try again:

export AWT_TOOLKIT=”MToolkit”

The problem should have been solved. If not, try restarting your computer.

Ubuntu- How to unrar rar files with ubuntu?

If you have got a rar file (or other file formats not naively supported by Ubuntu’s archive manager- such as arj, 7zip, etc), you need to install extra packages so that Archive Manager can handle these file formats. For example, if you would like to unrar a file in Ubuntu, you need to install the package unrar.  Open a terminal (command window) and simply issue this command:

sudo apt-get install unrar-free

for a non-free option, you can use:

sudo apt-get install unrar

You might be asked to give your password and then the package is downloaded and installed. After the package is installed, you can use the usual Archive Manager to unrar files.

Archive Manager (File Roller)- Taken from Ubuntu documentation- thanks to the contributors to the Ubuntu wiki

Archive Manager (File Roller)- Taken from Ubuntu documentation- thanks to the contributors to the Ubuntu wiki

In general, following file formats are supported by the Archive Manager by default (from Ubuntu documentation- thanks to the contributors to the Ubuntu documentation wiki):

Format

File extension

Note

Tar

.tar

gzip

.tar.gz, .tgz, .gz

Compressed .tar or compressed single file

bzip

.tar.bz, .tbz, .bz

Compressed .tar or compressed single file

bzip2

.tar.bz2, .tbz2, .bz2

Compressed .tar or compressed single file

LZMA

.tar.lzma, .lzma

Compressed .tar or compressed single file

ZIP

.zip

JAR

.jar, .ear, .war

CD images

.iso

Read-only

These file formats are not supported by default and require additional packages to be supported (from Ubuntu documentation again): In the following table, it is mentioned that which package needs to be installed so that the Archie Manager can handle extra file formats.

Format

File extension

Note

7zip

.7z

Needs the p7zip package, which doesn’t provide multi-volume support. To support password-protected archives, needs the p7zip-full package

compress

.Z, .tar.Z, .taz

Needs the ncompress package

shar

.shar

Needs the sharutils package

lZO

.lzo, .tar.lzo, .tzo

Needs the lzop package

LHA

.lzh, .lha

Needs the lha package

ARJ

.arj

Needs the arj package

ACE

.ace

Needs the unace package, providing read-only support

RAR

.rar

Needs the unrar (non-free) or unrar-free package to extract .rar archives.
Needs shareware rar package to create .rar archives

How to find a PhD, Postdoc, or another university job?

I am currently struggling to find a new job for after my PhD and have been compiling a list of the websites where you can find all sorts of academic jobs including MSc studentship, scholarships, PhD vacancies, Postdocs, Lectureship and Professorship and other sorts of academic jobs. I decided to share my compiled lists of websites in case somebody else is looking for a university job too. This post may be followed by a few other posts following on his topics.

General websites
Chronicle jobs from The Chronicle of Higher Education: http://chronicle.com/jobs
Academic jobs: http://www.university500.com
Science jobs from New Scientist magazine: http://www.sciencejobs.com
Science jobs and vacancies from Nature magazine: http://www.nature.com/naturejobs
Science careers from the journal Science: http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org
Academic jobs: http://www.career.edu
PhD positions: http://www.findaphd.com
Postdoc positions: http://www.findapostdoc.com
Masters positions: http://www.findamasters.com
Academic careers from Inside Higher Ed: http://www.insidehighered.com/careers
University jobs: http://www.universityjobs.com
Jobs in Higher education: http://www.academic360.com
Academic careers: http://www.academiccareers.com
Higher education jobs: http://www.higheredjobs.com
Higher education jobs: http://www.tedjob.com
The academic position network: http://www.apnjobs.com
Post-doctoral positions: http://www.post-docs.com
Part-time and full-time academic jobs: http://www.adjunctnation.com
Higher education jobs from academic keys: http://www.academickeys.com
Academic employment network: http://www.academploy.com

Subject-specific websites
Jobs for academic physicians and Scientists: http://www.acphysci.com/aps/app
ob board of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME): http://jobboard.asme.org
Psychology-related jobs from Association for Phsychological Science: http://www.psychologicalscience.org/jobs
Mathematics jobs from American Mathematical Society: http://www.ams.org/employment
Careers from The Mathematical Association of America: http://www.maa.org/pubs/employ.html
Job listings from American Statistical Association: http://www.amstat.org/jobweb
Physics jobs: http://physicsworld.com/cws/jobs
Job board of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM): http://jobs.siam.org

Country- or region-specific websites
Academic jobs in UK: http://www.jobs.ac.uk
Academic jobs in the Netherlands: http://www.academictransfer.org
Academic jobs in Europe: http://www.academicjobseu.com
Academic jobs in Australia: http://www.seek.com.au
Academic jobs in New Zeland: http://www.seek.co.nz
Academic jobs in Switzerland: http://www.telejob.ch

Ubuntu- Quickly opening a shell terminal in any given place

I have been always wondering why this feature is not pre-loaded into Ubuntu. Often times, one is in a particular location (path) within the file system (while using GUI file browser)  and would like to open a terminal with the path defaulted to that particular location. I have been always thinking that this should have been as easy as right clicking and opting to open a terminal. Unlike some other Linux distros, it is not the case in ubuntu. But there is a work around for this problem. Just type:

sudo aptitude install nautilus-open-terminal

and the reuiqred package will be downloaded and installed. You probably would need to restart your computer before you can see the option. After restarting, open a GUI file browser and right-click. You should be able to see the option of opening a terminal in that particular path.

terminal-opening

Word to Latex converter

Have you ever wanted to convert Microsoft Word files to LaTeX files? I have been always looking for an easy way to do so but never seriously went after it. Today, I came across this FREE program called: Word-to-LaTex (Word-to-XML) converter which can do a pretty decent conversion job. It can even convert the equations (provided that you have proprietary program MathType).  The images, tables and pretty much every thing else can be converted as well. I installed it and gave it a test run. The result was very promising but obviously not perfect. However, I assume it is good enough for most jobs.

LyX: a Wordish LaTex

LaTeX is by far the best professional typesetting program which is being widely used by academicians as well as by FOSS advocates throughout the world. It is free, standard, powerful, flexible, and enjoyable to work with. But STOP! This is a geeky narration of the story. The reality is that the vast majority of the individuals using the typesetting programs prefer the WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) programs like MS Word over the scripting programs like LaTeX. The reason being:
In LaTeX:
1. The fact that you have to write programs (scripts) to produce documents scares many non-geeky people.
2. You do not immediately see what you have just produced and this gives many peoples the feeling that the document and the way it looks is not really under their control.
However, nobody denies the power and flexibility the LaTeX offers.

So, what can one bring the power and flexibility of LaTeX to average user? Answer: LyX.

LyX is a free and open source package which puts a user-friendly (kinda spelling idiot-friendly ;) Ha! Ha!) skin over LaTeX such that the user can see an interface much like MS Word or OpenOffice which is based on LaTeX. The binaries are available for Linux, Windows, and Mac. The list of its features very impressive and it works just fine. Some of its features are (taken from the program’s website):

  • Mathematical formula editor
  • Structured document creation (sections, labels, bibliography, so on)
  • Extensive Graphics/tables support
  • Support for writing documents in many different languages including right to left languages (like Persian and Arabic)
  • Access to all LaTeX functionality with capability to insert plain LaTeX code anywhere in a document.
  • Import LaTeX. Export LaTeX, Postscript, DVI, ASCII, HTML or send a fax
  • Unicode support
  • Latex source code viewer
  • Extensive documentation

To see some screenshots of the program visit this link. There is also a Wiki for LyX. The binaries can be downloaded from here. The needed LaTeX packages come bundled with major Linux distros. For Windows, you can let the installer download MikTeX or can use that version of the installer which is bundled with MikTeX. Try LyX! you will be hooked.

The challenge of bringing Open Source to the masses

One of the most important aims of the Open Source movement has always been to involve the masses in the movement. Until very recently, this aim has been too much like wishful-thinking. These days, however, there are some reasons to believe that we are close to reach, at least partially, this aim. In this post, I am trying to answer the important question that ‘how can we get closer to involve the big masses in the Open Source movement?’

I think the practical ways to popularization of Open Source can be categorized as either ‘positive push’ or ‘negative push’. The positive push ways are the ways of promoting the Open Source stuff by enhancing the products or the ways they interact with the masses. The negative push ways are the ways of demoting the most important trend rivaling the Open Source movement: proprietary/non-free softwares. I discuss either way in a separate section.

Positive push
There are three different things which can positively influence the impact of the Open Source movement. It appears to me that the Open Source community must concentrate on these three issues while trying to bring the Open Source stuff to the masses.

The first thing is “Plug and Play“. I don’t have any doubt that one of the features that has made the Windows XP overwhelmingly dominant OS is its rather good plug and play features. Many drivers are automatically installed at the very moment you connect a new device to your computer while a number of other hardwares are just a few clicks away from being installed. Most importantly, you can (still) find the XP drivers for virtually any single hardware in the market. That is one of the things that makes XP ‘The Standard’. I don’t like it just like (many of) you guys do, but it is true. Therefore, FOSS guys must invest a lot on Plug and Play feature. It is not sufficient that the things CAN be got done at the end; a non-tech-savy grandpa should be just as positive as you geeky guys are.

The second thing is Wine. Being able to run your favorite application seamlessly from within your Linux distro is what that eliminates the huge advantage of Windows that many applications are designed for it and are not available for Linux. Currently, Wine is not working as well as it must. Many applications fail to run with Wine at all let alone run easily and seamlessly . I believe that as many developers as possible should heavily work on Wine to make it as powerful as possible. What we really need is a plug and play Wine: grab a disk containing a native Windows application and you are just a few clicks aways from running it from within your Linux distro.

The third trick is monetizing the Open Source projects. Any Open Source project can sustain only if it can be somehow monetized by the developers. Of course, the worst thing is trying to sell the program just like the proprietary ones. The best way is to monetize the program while keeping it free for the consumers. Google’s model is an excellent one. If you prefer a more tangible example, take FireFox. It is Open Source. It is free. It is lovely. It generates revenue and simply gets the work done. Remember! they would let you play only if you are big enough to be seen while sitting around the table.

Negative push
Aside from making the FOSS products appealing, it is important to make the rival look just as ugly as they really are. Most important thing in this regard is to push for kind of legislation against bundling the softwares with the new computers. Most of the computers sold these days have so many proprietary softwares, including the OS, preloaded. The customers have little chance of selecting the OS they want and are in most cases forced to pay the software companies for the software they might finally through away. The Open Source community must push for such legislation. That is, in my opinion, one of the key points in bringing the Open Source to the masses.